What type of acute kidney injury is caused by hemorrhage leading to hypotension?

Acute kidney injury caused by hemorrhage resulting in hypotension is classified as prerenal injury. This type of injury occurs when there is a significant reduction in blood flow to the kidneys, often due to systemic factors such as severe dehydration, blood loss, or low blood pressure that can compromise kidney perfusion.

In the case of hemorrhage, the loss of blood volume leads to decreased renal perfusion pressure, which impairs the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively. The significant drop in pressure triggers various physiological responses aimed at conserving fluid and maintaining renal function; however, if prolonged, these conditions can result in acute kidney injury.

Prerenal injury is often reversible if the underlying issue, such as hypotension from hemorrhage, is resolved quickly through appropriate medical interventions to restore blood volume and pressure. This contrasts with intrinsic injury, which involves direct damage to the kidney tissue itself, or postrenal injury, which results from obstruction of urine flow. Chronic injury, on the other hand, involves long-standing damage and does not typically arise from acute conditions like hypotension.