What laboratory result indicates a sodium imbalance and what is its type?

A sodium level of 132 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia, which is a condition characterized by low sodium concentration in the blood. In normal circumstances, the sodium level ranges between 135 and 145 mEq/L; therefore, when the level falls below this range, it demonstrates a sodium imbalance indicating hyponatremia.

Hyponatremia can have various causes, including excessive fluid intake, certain medications, or medical conditions that affect sodium levels. Recognizing this imbalance is essential as it can lead to symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and even coma, depending on the severity and rapidity of the sodium drop.

The other options reflect different conditions: hypernatremia is indicated by sodium levels above normal (which would not apply here), hyperkalemia relates to high potassium levels (not sodium), and hypochloremia pertains to low chloride levels without addressing sodium specifically. Therefore, the recognition of a sodium level of 132 mEq/L correctly identifies the imbalance and its classification as hyponatremia.