What is a potential complication of untreated hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia, which is characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood, can lead to several serious complications if left untreated. The most significant concern is the development of arrhythmias. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrical balance necessary for the proper functioning of cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells).

When potassium levels rise, it alters the resting membrane potential of heart cells, which can disturb normal electrical conduction and lead to various types of arrhythmias, such as bradycardia, tachycardia, and even life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. These disturbances can significantly impact the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, potentially resulting in cardiac arrest if not addressed promptly.

Understanding this mechanism highlights the importance of monitoring and managing potassium levels in patients, particularly those at risk for hyperkalemia due to conditions like kidney failure or those on certain medications. The other options listed, while they may relate to broader complications in patients with other underlying conditions, are not the primary or immediate consequences of hyperkalemia.